The present study aimed to investigate the predictive role of perceived social support and religious orientation in post-traumatic growth (PTG) among mothers of children with intellectual disability, given that identifying resources capable of transforming the chronic psychological strain experienced by these mothers into an opportunity for positive change is of strategic importance for promoting family health. This applied, descriptive-correlational study was conducted on all mothers of children with intellectual disability enrolled in special elementary schools in Mashhad during the 2025-2026 academic year (N = 1500), from whom 306 mothers were selected using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) table and a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Instruments included the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Religious Orientation Scale (Allport & Ross, 1967); data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 27. Results showed significant positive correlations between the components of perceived social support (family, significant others, and friends) and religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic) with post-traumatic growth (p < 0.05). Perceived social support and religious orientation significantly predicted post-traumatic growth, jointly explaining 80.5% of its variance; intrinsic religious orientation (β = 0.392) was the strongest predictor, followed by family support (β = 0.367), extrinsic religious orientation (β = 0.331), support from significant others (β = 0.234), and friend support (β = 0.164). Accordingly, perceived social support and religious orientation, particularly its intrinsic form, are important factors influencing post-traumatic growth in mothers of children with intellectual disability, and mental health and rehabilitation professionals are recommended to design interventions that strengthen family support networks and enrich intrinsic spiritual-religious resources, facilitating a shift from a deficit-based approach toward an empowerment- and growth-oriented approach for these mothers.