A new approach to children's education quarterly

A new approach to children's education quarterly

Compilation of virtual class management protocol for the first grade of primary school

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Preschool Department, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Islamic Studies and Educational Sciences, Imam Sadegh University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/naes.2025.544051.1759
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to design and validate a comprehensive and native virtual classroom management protocol for first-year elementary school students. Given the increasing importance of virtual education, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study seeks to provide structured guidelines that ensure quality, accessibility, and effectiveness in online learning environments.

Method: In this study, first, using the content analysis method, virtual classroom management protocols worldwide, laws and upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran related to education, laws related to emergencies, and the features and facilities of common virtual classroom platforms in Iran and the world were reviewed. Then, using the Delphi method, expert opinions were collected and the content of the protocol was validated.

Findings: The results showed that there was an acceptable consensus among the participants about the key components and indicators of the protocol. The final protocol includes a set of guidelines and guidelines for managing virtual classrooms in the first year of primary school, which are based on four main components (preparation and planning, interaction management, assessment and feedback, technical considerations and support).

Conclusion: Successful implementation of this protocol can serve the purpose of improving the educational experience for young learners and supporting their academic progress in a virtual environment. These findings will serve as a resource for educational administrators, teachers and policymakers to increase the effectiveness of virtual education and reduce potential challenges that students face in online learning environments. It is suggested that future research should examine the effectiveness of the protocol in real classroom settings and consider feedback from teachers and students in designing future versions of the protocol. It is also suggested that this protocol be localized and validated for other educational levels. In addition, future research could examine the factors affecting the acceptance and implementation of the protocol by teachers and school administrators.
Keywords

Subjects


Agormedah, E. K., Henaku, E. A., Ayite, D. M. K., & Ansah, E. A. (2020). Online learning in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic: A case of Ghana. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 3(3), 183-210. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.726441
Arab Mokhtari, A. (2020). Online education and the use of Shad software. Educational Research, 16(4), 55-65. [Persian]
Ashnagar, S., & Samimi, Z. (2023). Analyzing the problems of evaluating virtual mathematics education in elementary school: A case study of Sarbaz city. A New Approach in Children's Education, 5(2), 1-15. [Persian]
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Dadashi, S., Sabzeh, S., & Bazgir, T. (2022). Analysis of teachers' experiences in implementing art curriculum in the context of virtual education for the first elementary period. Journal of Theory and Practice in Curriculum, 10(20), 1-24. [Persian]
Edib Manesh, M. (2021). The lived experience of elementary and high school teachers from teaching challenges and presenting solutions for empowering teachers to teach in virtual space. Research in Curriculum Planning, 18(43), 1-15. [Persian]
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2021). COVID-19 in children and the role of school settings in transmission - second update. Stockholm: ECDC.
Fath Nejad, K., & Amirian Zadeh, M. (2022). [Article title]. Educational Research Journal of Farhangian University, 1(29), 1-15. [Persian]
Gallagher, H. A., & Cottingham, B. (2020). Improving the quality of distance and blended learning (EdResearch for Recovery Project Brief No. 8). https://edpolicyinca.org/publications/improving-quality-distance-and-blended-learning
Ghasemi, S. A., & Kodkhoda, M. (2022). Analyzing the lived experiences of elementary school teachers about the causes of students' academic decline in virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A New Approach in Educational Sciences, 1(1), 1-15. [Persian]
Ghasemzadeh, S., Ebrahimi, S., Jafari Bandarabadi, F., Mohammadi Feizabadi, A., & Mojaver, S. (2023). Investigating the lived experiences of first-grade female elementary school teachers from virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi, 12(2), 1-12. [Persian]
Griffith, A. K. (2020). Parental burnout and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Violence, 37, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00172-2
Haleman, K., & Yamat, H. (2021). The acceptance of e-learning among ESL primary school students during Covid-19. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.1.2
Hamidezadeh, K., & Amirian, F. (2022). Virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of elementary school teachers. Puyesh in Humanities Education of Farhangian University, 1(28), 1-15. [Persian]
Harjule, P., Rahman, A., & Agarwal, B. (2021). A cross-sectional study of anxiety, stress, perception and mental health towards online learning of school children in India during COVID-19. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 24(2), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2021.1889780
Hejrati, T., Ahmadvand, R., & Armard, M. (2021). Investigating the challenges and problems of virtual education from the perspective of elementary school teachers and principals. Journal of Technology and Research in Education, 1(1), 1-15. [Persian]
Irawan, A. W., Dwisona, D., & Lestari, M. (2020). Psychological impacts of students on online learning during the pandemic COVID-19. KONSELI: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 7(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.24042/kons.v7i1.6389
Kalani, M., & Naghavi, Z. (2023). Investigating students' satisfaction with virtual education from the perspective of elementary school teachers in Isfahan province. A New Approach in Educational Sciences, 5(1), 1-15. [Persian]
Mikaeli Manee, F., Abkhiz, S., & Hashemi, S. (2023). Emergency distance education and elementary school teachers' challenges: Thematic analysis. Journal of Education and Evaluation, 16(61), 1-15. [Persian]
Owusu-Fordjour, C., Koomson, C. K., & Hanson, D. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on learning-the perspective of the Ghanaian student. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(3), 88-101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3753586
Sabzeh, B., & Kamiab Hosseini, F. (2022). Lived experiences of first elementary school teachers about creative teaching methods in the context of virtual education. Journal of Teaching Research, 10(1), 1-15. [Persian]
Sepandar, M., & Sadrzadeh, S. (2021). Challenges and opportunities of virtual space from teachers' perspective in educating elementary school students. The 7th National Conference on Social Sciences and Psychology in Iran, Tehran. [Persian]
Shah Nazari, F., & Shah Bigi, S. (2011). Virtual education: Advantages and limitations. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Education Development Center, 1(1), 1-15. [Persian]
Shamir-Inbal, T., & Blau, I. (2021). Facilitating emergency remote K-12 teaching in computing-enhanced virtual learning environments during COVID-19 pandemic-blessing or curse? Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(7), 1243-1271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633121992781
Tahmasbzadeh, D., Ghafari, A., Iran Parvar, P., & Barzegar, H. (2022). Teachers' experiences of challenges and problems of teaching in virtual space of elementary school. Educational Research Journal of Farhangian University, 1(31), 1-15. [Persian]
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2010). Enhancing the validity of Delphi studies: Cronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(4), 293-296. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
United Nations. (2020). Policy brief: Education during COVID-19 and beyond. https://doi.org/10.18356/21e7d903-en
Wodon, Q. (2020). COVID-19 crisis, impacts on Catholic schools, and potential responses | Part 1: Developed countries with focus on the United States. Journal of Catholic Education, 23(1), 158-169. https://doi.org/10.15365/joce.2301022020
 
 
 
Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 25
Autumn 2025
Pages 205-229

  • Receive Date 30 August 2025
  • Revise Date 27 September 2025
  • Accept Date 01 October 2025
  • First Publish Date 01 October 2025
  • Publish Date 22 November 2025