Burnout and mental health of school counselors are important topics in the field of counseling. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the structural model of burnout based on occupational stress, mediated by self-compassion, in counselors. The study was a descriptive-correlational structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all school counselors in Qom province in the academic year 2025-2026. 275 active school counselors from various educational levels in Qom province were selected using cluster sampling. Research instruments included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the HSE Occupational Stress Questionnaire, and the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCSSF). Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS-28 and AMOS-26 software were employed for data analysis. Results showed a significant relationship between occupational stress (r=0.28) and self-compassion (r=-0.38) with burnout (p<0.001). Also, occupational stress (β=0.208) and self-compassion (β=-0.283) showed a significant direct effect on burnout (p<0.05), and occupational stress also had a significant direct effect on self-compassion (β=-0.481; p<0.001). Examination of indirect effects confirmed the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between occupational stress and burnout (β=-0.032; p<0.05). Occupational stress as a risk factor and self-compassion as a psychological resource play a decisive role in explaining burnout among school counselors.